The Decision Is Made For You - 1924 Words

When a couple is getting married they say their vows to promise that they will love each other for eternity, no matter what. One cannot guarantee that they will be married forever, or even if they will always love their significant other, although it is hoped for. And what happens when they fall out of love? The situation is terrible but a decision must be made, unless the decision is made for you. In her husband’s death, Elizabeth Bates discovers the truth about her marriage that she had never realized until it was too late, that the marriage had been over long before her husband’s death. She was unhappy in a loveless marriage and it only freed with the death of her husband. The protagonist of â€Å"Odour of Chrysanthemums,† Elizabeth, is†¦show more content†¦She loves her children but she also calls out their flaws that annoy her because she sees her husband in his children. In her son she sees the selfishness that she hates in her husband. At first she appears as the dutiful wife to her husband but she does not love him, although she does not come to this realization until his death. She must not have always been so bitter, as it shows in the beginning of the story with her son, John, when he is picking the chrysanthemums and she tells him to stop because it looks ugly to her but when he does she picks her own flowers to keep, although hesitantly, as if unsure. Her hesitance to pick up the flowers shows that maybe she is unsure or uncomfortable with the feelings that she has, or may have had, with her husband. The gesture suggests that at one point Elizabeth had loved her husband instead of the feelings of anger that she feels today. Wh en she is talking to her daughter, Annie, about the significance of the chrysanthemums, Elizabeth seems as if she has no love at all for the flowers, only disgust, as she feels now with her husband. In the beginning of the marriage, the chrysanthemums represented the happiness and love that they felt for each other when they were married and had their first child but as time passed and their distance grew the chrysanthemums only showed the pain of a loveless marriage that has left Elizabeth bitter. This meaning of the flowers only works

Civil War Myths vs Facts Free Essays

There has always been a number of circulating myths about the American Civil War. We need to dig deep and find out if these myths are true. Did the South HATE black people? Did Robert E. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil War: Myths vs Facts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lee hate America? Was the civil war all about slavery? Did the South start the civil war? All of these myths are to be revealed. Supposedly the Southern people were the only Americans that enslaved black people. They tortured, beat, and starved them. According to research, a slave in today’s modern world, would cost anywhere from $100,000-$200,000. Why would a slave owner waste that much money and something they would treat as a rag doll? In many cases slaves were treated as part of the family. The North also had slaves, not just the South. In the North, everything was supposedly free and had choices. The North technically did not own slaves, but they were people in the North that owed them things. These people were called indentured servants. These indentured servants were not all of African race either. They were to be released over a stated time. This myth came to be because basically whichever side won the war; they would blame the opposing side. Was Robert E. Lee a horrible man? Did he hate American with a passion? The answer to this is false. Robert E. Lee did not ever even own a single slave. He was very strong in his passion with the Confederate States of America. He lived in the state of Virginia and said he would never leave them in any hard times. In saying this, he joined the South in the American Civil War. He loved America, but did not like the injustice the South was being shown. His home of Arlington was turned into a war cemetery. Present day, it is known as Arlington National Cemetery. This was initially a cemetery for Union Soldiers. How could the entire war be about slavery? The war lasted 5 years, 1861-1865. The Emancipation Proclamation was put into effect in 1863. What could the war have been about for the last two years? The Civil War was fought because of Northern oppression. The South began to go bankrupt because the North was taxing the South very heavily, and the South was not as industrialized as the North. Slavery was an issue, but because the South was not industrialized. The South was just using what they had for resources. The slaves were their resources. There has been a myth that says that the South started the war. This is actually somewhat true, but not totally true. The South decided that it did not want be part of the United States of American anymore. It simply seceded. The North still had some forts located in the South though. Fort Sumter most notably was attacked by Southern soldiers because the South felt threatened by what could have been dangerous people from the North. The South was forced into battle because the North had sent a transport ship of supplies. The South defended itself because it had to protect itself from the transport ships and the Northern soldiers at Fort Sumter. The truth about all of these myths is revealed not by proof of Northern history, or Southern history, but of American History. Just because the North won, does not mean everything that they write and publish is true. There are many newspapers, letters, and diaries depicting significant events that reveal the truths of many other myths as well. The truth of these myths comes from the history that actually happened. How to cite Civil War: Myths vs Facts, Essay examples

Research on Global Business Opportunities

Question: Discuss about the Research on Global Business Opportunities. Answer: Introduction In the globalization of the businesses, it is essential for an Australian Pharmaceutical firm to enhance its market share, business performance, and product positioning in the global pharmaceutical industry through setting of new business ventures or operations in new destination or country including China and South Africa. This assessment will discuss the business opportunities and risks (commercial risks, country risks, currency or financial risks, and cross-cultural risks) for the company while setting up new business ventures in another destination (Bryan and Christiansen, 2014). For this report, China is preferred to South Africa as a new destination for starting the foreign business operations by the Australian pharmaceutical firm. Along with this, Strategic Alliance through merger or acquisition is selected as an entry strategy, which is a potential entry strategy that will provide the firm new business opportunities for setting of the businesses in a new destination. For this report, the Australian Pharmaceutical firm, Lawley Pharmaceuticals is selected which is planning to enter into new markets for the growth of the businesses. Background Information of Lawley Pharmaceuticals Lawley Pharmaceuticals is an Australian pharmaceutical firm founded by Michael John Buckley in 1995. It is a private limited pharmaceutical company having its headquarters in Perth, West Leederville in Western Australia. The firm is concentrated on the transdermal administration of the natural occurring hormones including progesterone, testosterone, and oestradiol. It is the global leader in the research and development of the typical hormones. Lawley works in collaboration with manufacturing partners Perrigo Australia which has world class manufacturing facility in Balcatta, Western Australia. The firm provides the solutions related to the hormones-related disorders as it is fundamentally focused on the use of natural-occurring hormones (Lawley Pharmaceuticals, 2015). Lawley specializes in the manufacturing of the hormone replacement therapy through the development of the progesterone and testosterone creams. It provides the hormone replacement therapy for the treatment of the hormo nal disorders or endocrine deficiencies (eg. Klinefelters Syndrom, Castration, Low Libido, and hypogonadism in men and Menopause, Fibroids, PCOS, Endrometriosis, Infertility, Hysterectomy, Menorrhagia, and Female Endrogen Efficiency in women). Evaluation of Commercial risks, Currency (financial risks), Country risks, and Cross-cultural risks There are different types of risks involved while operating the businesses in the new destination by the foreign company (Australian Pharmaceutical Company). These risks involve country risks, cross-cultural risks, commercial risks, and financial (currency risks) that can affect the business operations and activities of the firm while starting new business ventures by an overseas firm. The evaluation of these risks is following discussed:- Country risks- This type of risk is involved of the political instability, government legal systems and laws related to foreign investments, government intervention, protectionism and barriers to trade and investment, bureaucracy in country systems, corruption and unethical activities in the country, mismanagement or failure of the national economy, markets, and economic unrest. The political instability, economic unrest, and country legal system affect the business operations and activities of the firm while starting the new pharmaceutical ventures in a new destination. This type of risk affects the business growth, revenue, and profitability of the foreign firm caused due to the development of the countrys legal and political environment systems. The political system is a set of formal institutions constituted by the government that includes democracy, socialism, and totalitarianism systems. It includes political parties, trade unions, legislative bodies, and lobbing groups (Yuann, 2008). The legal system includes civil laws, common laws, religious laws, and mixed systems. It is a system for establishing and enforcing laws, rules, and regulations. It affects the business activities of the foreign firm, such as taxing economic outputs, protection of the intellectual rights, and resolving disputes in the commercial activities. Commercial risks- The commercial risks refer to the potential loss arising from the misunderstanding of the trading partners or the market conditions in the country. This type of risk is comprised of the partners insolvency or unwillingness to pay, differences in the trade agreements between two partners, and not acting in the accordance of the partner to comply with the country trade legislations or trade agreements. This risk also involves poor execution of strategy, competitive intensity, operational problems, poor financial strength of the partner, and timing of entry into the foreign markets. This risk affects the partner selection, market entry timing, pricing and distribution strategy, product features, and promotional themes of the company in another country (IBP, Inc. 2015). This type of risk may affect the business expansion, profitability, production capacity, and the sales growth of the company while initiating the new commercial ventures in the foreign country. This type of risk results into the potential loss or failure of the firm to execute the business strategies, procedures, and tactics. Currency risks (financial risk) - This type of risk includes currency exposure, asset valuation, changes in fiscal and monetary policies, foreign taxation, inflationary and transfer pricing. This risk creates potential loss caused from the fluctuating foreign exchange rates while the foreign investor has exposure to foreign currency investments for the exchange of goods and services. This type of risks caused from the unexpected fluctuations in the exchange rates or currency values. This type of risks is caused due to denomination of the financial transactions in the foreign currency than the base currency of the company in the Australian country. This type of risk includes the transactional exposure, translation exposure, economic exposure, and contingent exposure of the financial statements (Arora and McIntyre, 2014). The currency risk comprises of all form of international traded monies including foreign currencies, bank deposits, cheques, and electronic transfers. The changes in interest rates, exchange rates, inflation rates and currency value affect the international business operations and activities of the company. The financial or currency exchange risk affects the demand and supply of the goods and services, financial transaction, and liquidation of the financial investments. Cross-cultural risks- The cross-cultural risk is comprised of the differences in the cultures, traditions, and customer shopping patterns, cultural blunders, interpretation of culture, negotiating pattern, language and communicational differences, ethical practices, decision-making styles, differences in the customers age groups and background, and cultural pattern. It arises when the cultural communication issues affect the human values at stake. It exists due to differences in the cultural environments characterized by unfamiliar languages and changes in the human values systems, beliefs, and behaviors of the customers in another country. The cross-culture risk determines the success of the foreign outsourcing company in another country where it is planned to start the business ventures. This type of risk will affect the business profitability, customer base, sales performance, and product positioning of the company in another country (Scarlett, Koslow, Ph.D., and J. D. 2009). It w ill also affect the risk tolerance, operational processes, entrepreneurship, control system, decision-making and employees development and reward structures of the company. It will also affect the managerial roles, leadership qualities, technical competences, and interpersonal skills of the employees in another country. Opportunities and risks in China and South Africa for the Pharmaceutical business and Justification for the Chosen Country China is selected as a new destination for starting new business ventures by this Australian pharmaceutical firm because china is one of the fastest growing economies in the world that provides the foreign investors a lots of business opportunities for generating large revenues and achieving the high sales growth. Along with this, the Chinese government supports the foreign investment operations of an overseas firm by providing the sophisticated business infrastructure, technology, and labors at low costs. Additionally, there is lesser cross-cultural risk, currency risk, country risk, and financial or currency exchange risks in China than South Africa. China is one of the largest countries in the world having the most number of people in the world (Yong-Hwang, 2015). The healthcare and life science activities are rapidly growing robustly in China that has been creating lots of opportunities for the new firms. China is one of the largest pharmaceutical markets in the world that is gro wing rapidly and yet not mature. The combined forces of the economic development, government stimulus, enhanced health awareness in general public, improved research and development capabilities, market consolidation are some causes that will prove the justification for the selection of China than South Africa. China pharmaceutical market also has long chain of the suppliers, manufacturers, drug distribution companies, healthcare service providers, and medical service providers. While, on the other hand, in South Africa there is lesser population in comparison to China as there are not so much growth of the pharmaceutical business as China. The risk level is also lesser in China than South Africa as Chinese Government supports healthcare and pharmaceuticals business in China. China is the third largest economies in the world which has currently low unemployment rates, low inflation rates, and low interest rates in comparison to South Africa. Because of the high population rates in China, there is large number of customers for the healthcare or pharmaceutical products. Along with this, China has high potential markets because of the large consumer and business to business markets for the pharmaceuticals business in China. The GDP, currency value, and growth rates are higher in China than South Africa. There is no restriction on the foreign trade of the pharmaceutical products because the Chinese Government supports the foreign investments by the overseas firms. The political and legal system, technological advancement, and the economic structure of the Chinese Government support the entry of the overseas pharmaceutical firms in the host country. In addition to this, there are lesser trade restrictions on the foreign exchange of goods and services, and lowe r amount of taxes on the pharmaceutical products than the South African Country. The Chinese Pharmaceutical industry is a knowledge-based, innovative, and technological-intensive industry that supports the business ventures of an overseas firm in the host country by making the trade partnership with the local Chinese pharmaceutical firm. There is high customer base and high level of competition among the pharmaceutical firms in China that will encourage the overseas firm to enter into Chinese markets for the growth of the pharmaceutical businesses as well as enhancing the market share, business performance, and positioning of the company in the pharmaceutical world (Slideshare, 2015). The Chinese pharmaceutical industry is comprised of the pharmaceutical companies, bio-medical research centers, biotechnology firms, generic medicine companies, and healthcare centers. Along with this, there is a range of top pharmaceutical firms in China, Lawley Pharmaceuticals can expand its businesses by making strategic partnership with any of these firms in the host country. Recommendations on Entry Strategy and Justification There are several market entry strategies including Exporting, Licensing, Strategic Alliance or Partnership, Ownership, Joint Ventures, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The selection of the entry strategy will depend on several factors including firms resources and capabilities, nature of competition and risks, agreed goals and objectives of the firm, the market focus, financial strengths and resource capabilities of the partnership firm, and the competition level and environmental conditions in another country. After considering all these factors, the strategic alliance or partnership is selected as an appropriate market entry strategy that will be suitable to grow the businesses of Lawley pharmaceutical company by starting new business ventures through building strategic partnerships with the Chinese pharmaceutical firms. This is an appropriate market entry strategy because of the suitability of products for the Chinese market, nature of indigenous competition in the Chinese ph armaceutical industry, and identifying customers needs (Ncube, Ndou, and Gumata, 2016). This is an appropriate strategy for the overseas firms to start the business ventures in new destinations in order to enhance the market share and product positioning of the company in the global pharmaceutical industry. This strategy will assist the firm to share the ownership rights and control over the property rights and operations. The strategic alliance is a type of business strategy that enables the business firm to achieve the agreed business objectives and long-term goals in new marketplace (Isoraite, 2009). It will also be effective to develop outsourcing relationships between the parties when the businesses are desired to achieve the long-term benefits and innovation based on mutually desired outcomes. The strategic partnership with the Chinese Pharmaceutical firm will assist to provide the expertise, technology, product infrastructure, and market access that the firm would not be able to afford on its investment. The strategic partnership will also assist to share the products and services of others as well as reducing the operating costs through joint marketing efforts or sharing of distribution channels. This strategy will assist to cover the large customer segments of these Chinese markets by making alliances or partnership with the local Chinese pharmaceutical firm (Hanna, 2009). Lawley Pharmaceuticals can choose mergers or acquisition as a strategic partnership for acquiring the business operations of the Chinese pharmaceutical firm. This entry strategy will assist to identify the customers needs and nature and intensity of competition in the Chinese market. This strategy will also assist to capture the most business opportunities by reducing the market risks (commercial risk, financial risks, currency risks, and cross-cultural risks). This entry strategy will assist the company to obtain additional sales and affiliate generates greater revenues from the Chinese markets. Advantages and Disadvantage of Strategic Alliance entry Strategy Advantages- It assumes greater control over decision-making and future directions of the firm It facilitate transfer of technology, knowledge and resource between two firms It assists to attain the common goals driving joint ventures It is effective to quickly respond to the changing technology and market conditions It facilitates simple management structure that can be adjusted easily It assists to enhance the production capacity by extending a supply chain or providing a sophisticated distribution system It assists to provide a competitive advantage through pooling of skills, knowledge, and resources It is effective in the development of new production technologies (Gekonge and Christogfer, 2013). It will be effective to increase the production capacity and sales volume It provides opportunities to access to new markets through acquiring new customers It enhances the brand awareness and access to supplementary services Disadvantages- The strategic partnership with other firm can lose some degree of control over the way in which the business is perceived The partners may have different perspectives and views on the partnership business It may create conflicts between the contracting parties over resource and profit sharing It can bring certain inherent difficulties because of lack of trust and credibility issue (Wagner and Disparte, 2016). Justification of Selection of Entry Strategy The rationale behind the selection of this entry strategy is that it will be appropriate for Lawley Pharmaceuticals in expanding the businesses by starting the business ventures in new destination through making strategic partnership with another firm. Along with this, this strategy will be appropriate for finding the nature or extent of competition and customer base in the Chinese market. This entry strategy will suit to the foreign investment operations of this Australian pharmaceutical firm. By using this strategy, the firm will be able to enhance the production capacity and sales volumes, generating higher revenues, and profitability (Richardson, Steffen, and Liverman, 2011). This strategy will be appropriate to assume greater control on sharing of resources, profit sharing, and decision-making. This strategy will be effective to develop new pharmaceutical products or services by sharing technology, knowledge, and resources of each other. This strategy will be effective to create new opportunities by reducing risks and costs. Conclusion From the above studies, it can be concluded that Lawley Pharmaceutical firm can expand its business in the international markets by starting new business ventures in the Chinese Pharmaceutical industry. China is one of the fastest growing economies that provide a lot of business opportunities for the overseas firm to grow its business by starting business operations through making huge investments. Along with this, there are lesser risks including commercial risks, country risks, currency risks, and cross-cultural risks in China than South Africa. The Chinese Government also supports the new business operations by an overseas business firm for creating more foreign investment opportunities, new jobs opportunities as well as ensuring the high economies of the firm. For this assessment, the strategic alliance or partnership is selected as a new entry strategy for initiating the business operations because this strategy will be effective to grow the businesses by making mergers or acqui sition with the local Chinese pharmaceutical firms. References BMI Research (2015). South Africa Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare Report. [Online]. Available at: https://store.bmiresearch.com/south-africa-pharmaceuticals-healthcare-report.html. (Accessed: 23 September 2016). Bryan and Christiansen (2014). Handbook of Research on Global Business Opportunities. London: IGI Global. Deloitte (2014). Opportunities in China's pharmaceuticals market. [Online]. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ch/Documents/life-sciences-health-care/ch_Studie_Pharmaceutical_China_05052014.pdf. (Accessed: 23 September 2016). Deloitte (2015). Pursuing Risk Intelligence In a Rapidly Changing industry. [Online]. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/za/en/pages/governance-risk-and-compliance/articles/operational-risks-faced-pharmaceutical-companies.html. (Accessed: 23 September 2016). Financial Times (2015). Chinas Pharmaceutical Markets: Risks and Opportunities. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/7c1e0385-6d70-377d-96d9-8a502e7a2539. (Accessed: 22 September 2016). Gekonge and Christogfer, A. (2013). Emerging Business Opportunities in Africa: Market Entry, Competitive Strategy, and the Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment. London: IGI Global. IBP, Inc. (2015). China Investment and Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic and Practical Information. Australia: Lulu.Com. Isoraite, M. (2009). IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGIC ALLIANCES IN COMPANYS ACTIVITY, Journal of Strategic Business Management, Vol. 1 (5), pp. 39-46. Lawley Pharmaceuticals (2015). Introduction and Background Information of Lawley. [Online]. Available at: https://www.lawleypharm.com.au/about.php. (Accessed: 22 September 2016). Ncube, M., Ndou, E., and Gumata, N. (2016). Global Growth and Financial Spillovers and the South African Macro-economy. London: Springer. Peng, W. M. (2010). Global Business. USA: Cengage Learning. Richardson, K, Steffen, W., and Liverman, D (2011). Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions. USA: Cambridge University Press. Scarlett, H. R., Koslow, E. L., Ph.D., and J.D. (2009). Global Business. UK: Routledge. Slideshare (2015). The four risks of International Businesses. [Online]. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/ibc-business-strategy/dealing-with-risks-in-internationa-business. (Accessed: 20 September 2016). Wagner, D. and Disparte, D. (2016). Global Risk Agility and Decision Making: Organizational Resilience in the Era of Man-Made Risk. London: Springer. Yong-Hwang, S. (2015). Introduction: What is International Business. [Online]. Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwi9jcr58p_PAhUUHmMKHTLPBSkQFggiMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fgraduatebusiness.sejong.ac.kr%2FBBSNormal%2FFileDown%2F6%2F86%2F154usg=AFQjCNH9ohk5f4PlfYHg-noivc8--alOIQsig2=7uZ_kjvDywmfaXvsJQB8Mw. (Accessed: 20 September 2016). Yuann, K. J. (2008). Supertrends of Future China: Billion Dollar Business Opportunities for China's Olympic Decade. Australia: World Scientific.

Representation of gender in Wong Kar Wais movies Essay Example

Representation of gender in Wong Kar Wais movies Paper Men, who are masculine, physically strong, aggressive, intellectual, active, in dependent, production and rational; Women, who are feminine, weak, submissive, passive, dependent, consumption and emotional. Such gender stereotypes of male and female had deeply rooted in our society and had became a hegemonic definitions between men and women. The hegemonic definitions of Men and Women are more explicit in movies. There are traditional gender roles in movies, especially in main-stream commercial movies, male characters are usually strong, powerful, tough, dominate (female) and heroic; while female characters are usually being- rotected, weak, femme fatale and desire for love and romantic. These traditional gender representations on screen have been generally accepted / accustomed by audiences. Hence, producers and directors tend to follow the gender stereotypes of male and female, no matter they are producing / directing a rom-com, martial film, tragedy or cop-robber film. In this article, Im going to look into Wong Kar Wais movies, which categorized as alternative, and find out hows the differences and similarities in gender representation between his film and other commercial, main- stream movies. Firstly, I want to state some similarities in gender representation between Wongs movies and main-stream movies. Something very interesting is women are always femme-fatale in Wongs movies. Maybe they have no intention to make troubles, but hey are really mentally / physically destructive to men in his movies. We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of gender in Wong Kar Wais movies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of gender in Wong Kar Wais movies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of gender in Wong Kar Wais movies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For example, in the movie Fallen Angels, the female agent (Michelle Reis) employed by the hired killer Wong Chi Ming (Leon Lai) is obviously a femme-fatale to himself. In the movie, the killer tried avoid to meet or even have connection with his agent because e thinks they could no longer to keep on their partnership if theres any relationship or friendship between them. The agent played by Michelle Reis is totally invisible in the killers life. Before killer Wong Chi Ming meet his agent, he completes every mission assigned by her excellently. However, once the killer meet his beautiful female agent, death comes and knock his door. Hes attracted by his agent and want to terminate his business relationship with the agent. She asks him to kill someone as a parting favor, but Wong Chi Ming turns the hit into a suicide mission and died. Perhaps the pretty agent doesnt mean to make her partner die, but she is obviously a femme fatale in Wong Chi Mings destiny. Other than Fallen Angels, women also acted as femme fatale or trouble-maker in his movies. For example, in the 2 stories of ChungKing Express, 2 cops are lost themselves and deeply hurt after dumped by their girlfriends. In this film, both of the cops 223 (Takeshi Kaneshiro) and 633 (Tony Leung) fell into lovesick after broke up. Cop 223 became a man without his soul and started to addict to canned-pineapples after his girlfriend left. He was hurt by his ex-girlfriend and even cannot thinking logically. He drunk himself, call his old classmates with no reason, run in the rain, meet stranger in bar all of this action mean he has got troubles in his mind and these troubles was caused by his girlfriend. In the second part of the film, Cop 633 also hurt by his girl, he started to talk with Dolls, towel, soap etc. n his house, he lost his sense and just like Cop 223, many crazy thinking blow up in his mind. In this film, women play the role of trouble- maker again that make 2 men become the victim in love and suffer from lovesick caused by women. In Happy Together, a love story about 2 men, we can also see the emme fatale, troublemaker image of women. There is heres no female character in this film, howe ver, Ho Po Wing (Leslie Cheung) is playing the female role in the romance between Lai Yiu Fai and him. In this film, we can see Ho Po Wing is totally rely on his boyfriend Lai Yiu Fai and caused a lot of troubles to him. Ho spent all of Lais money that Lai cannot return to Hong Kong. Ho betrays Lai in love again and again. In the early part of the film, Ho and Lai failed to go Iguazu Fall and lost their way due to Ho Po Wings mistakes. However, in the late part, after Ho left Lai, Lai Yiu Fai travel to Iguazu Fall alone and he could arrive the Fall at last. If you compare this 2 scene, you would find that female played the role of troublemaker again. Except the image of femme fatale, something in Wong Kar Wais films is quite similar to those main-stream movies. That is women are always act as homemakers or helpers for men. In Fallen Angel, killer Wong Chi Mings female agent find business for him and make decision for him. She decides who will be killed, how, where and when. She also go to his apartment and do housework for him when hes not there. In Chungking Express, Faye (Faye Wong) get the key of Cop 633s partment and break into 633s flat while hes away. She cleans 633s flat and redecorated with new bedspreads, new clothes, new toiletries, new food. Faye even drugs 633s bottled water to make sure he gets to sleep. Both killers agent and Faye are playing the tradition role of women as homemaker and helper for men. However, they are doing these works for non-traditional purposes. Traditionally, women are stereotyped as housewives. They do housework and other things for men just because of responsible. But both the killers agent and Faye are not clean and decorate their mens flats because they have to act like housewives. They do housework for men in the purposes of fulfil their suspicions and satisfying themselves rather than acquiescing to the role of the stereotypical homemaker and be a home maid for men. Other than the those similarities mentioned above, we can find some differences in gender representation between Wong Kar Wais films and other main-stream movies. One of those differences is the representation of men. In Wong Kar Wais films, men are no hero or even weak behind their muscular body. In Fallen Angels, killer Wong Chi Ming claims to have become a contract killer because he is lazy and likes to ave others make decisions for him, so he is not presented as a hero. We never know why any of Chi-Mings victims are marked for death, he takes others life because its his job. He kills people just because he completes his duty, like post officer deliver letters, but no relation to any sense of heroism. Moreover, Wong Chi Ming fails to complete his mission and being shot down at last. The scene of Wong killed in action is totally violate to the tradition of heroism that hero are never defeated. So, Wong Chi Ming is not hero but a normal person like you and me. In Chungking Express, weakness of men is more clearly shown. Both 223 and 633 are Cop and they are traditionally supposed to physically and also mentally strong. However, we cant see Cop 223 and 633 act like hero to stop crimes and maintain law and order in the movie. Instead, we can see hows their weak image after deeply hurt by their girls. 223 forces himself to eat a can of pineapple everyday and talk to his dog to release his anxiety, while 633 hugs and chat with his dolls, dreams of his ex-girlfriend will come back soon. All these action shown men can be weak or even weaker than women sometimes. Such weak image of men is far different from the tradition which men hould be tough in physically also mentally. On the contrary, women in Wong Kar Wais films were tough, independent, free-spirited, calm, cool and usually less emotional than men. The most typical example in Wongs film is the drug smuggler (Brigitte Lin) in Chungking Express. Shes in cool style that blonde-wigged, wears long coat, and sun-glasses, always with a gun in her purse. She keeps calm when she is chasing by people want to kill her and shoots down her master and also those drug couriers who double-crossed her. She is actually playing the role of hero and presenting heroism which traditionally played by men. Women in Wong Kar Wais film act active and can say to be aggressive in many aspects, especially in love. Women usually be the active side in romance. They dare to get close to guys they liked and no fear to take action to attract mens attention. Maybe people may think that Wong Kar Wai presents women in this way just because following the traditional patriarchal ideology and fulfilling what men wanted (women play the active role in love) and have no different to the main-steam films. But in my point of view, women be active in love means they are liberated, freed in love. In Wongs movies, women no longer wait for mens love, they are not products on shelf and wait for someone to pick them up. They have rights and freedom to choose, to approach those guys they loved. For example, in Chungking Express, Faye loved Cop 633 from her first sight on him. She doesnt wait for 633 put attention on her, instead, she decides to break into his flat to discover him. She cleans and wander in his flat everyday in order to fulfil her romantic feeling on him. One more example, Baby (Karen Mok) in the Fallen Angels seduces Wong Chi Ming into a sexual relationship. I dont think its presenting the idea of patriarchal, but presenting an idea that women can be active in love or even sex. In opposition, Men are more passive than women. No matter Lai Yiu Fai in Happy Together and Chow Mo Wan in In the Mood for Love, they choose to keep their feeling of love inside instead of tell the person they like. Lai Yiu Fai has special feeling to his co- worker Chang (Chang Zhen), but he chooses not to tell him and let him leave. Similarly, Chow Mo Wan fall in love to his neighborhood Su Li Zhen (Maggie Cheung). But he chooses not to tell how deep he loves her and keep it as secret. To avoid get involve between Su and her husband, Chow leaves Hong Kong and mine his secret (his love to Su) in the tree hole. Obviously, men and womens roles of love in Wongs movies are quite different from other films. In conclusion, gender representation of men and women in Wong Kar Wais films have no bias any side. Neither men nor women are superior to each other. However, binary opposition between two sex is always played in Wongs films. Rivalry between men and women is always the main theme of his stories. We can see mind games between two sex in his films, each of them compete for control, regulate and dominate its other.

Cell Phone hazards Essays

Cell Phone hazards Essays Cell Phone hazards Essay Cell Phone hazards Essay How cell phone is affecting us socially. Kazi Mehdi Rahman ID-1210910030 English-105, Section 7 Abdus Selim December 10, 2013 Perhaps you have had one of those moments when you look around in a crowded public place and it seems that everyone is either talking or tapping a message on a cell phone. Older individuals might wonder how things ever became this way, but for younger mobile phone users, this is the norm and all theyVe ever Known. ell pnones, texting ana smart pnone appllcatlon are nere to stay ana nave changed society in important ways, for better and worse. When a cell phone goes off in a classroom or at a concert, we are irritated, but at least our lives are not endangered. When we are on the road, however, irresponsible cell phone users are more than irritating: They are putting our lives at risk. Many of us have witnessed drivers so distracted by dialing and chatting that they resemble drunk drivers, weaving between lanes, for example, or nearly running down pedestrians i n crosswalks. Cell phones have increased the likelihood of traffic accidents and proven to damage young people communication skills. So we need to educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and also change the habit of the youngsters of using abbreviated text words. It doesnt take a rocket scientist to know that texting and driving is dangerous. But plenty of people continue to do it. Most troubling: even with all the stories of tragic car accidents happening as a direct result of distracted driving, teens and adults are still texting at the wheel. According to Kristin Marino (2012) text messaging increases the likelihood of accident by 23 imes, the minimal amount of time a person is distracted from road is 5 seconds, in 2011, at least 23% of the car collisions involved cell phones, 13% of drivers at the age of 18-20 involved in car accidents admitted that texting or talking on mobile phone was the reason for their car crash. No One can deny that cell phones have caused traffic deaths and injuries. Cell phones were implicated in three fatal accidents in November 1999 alone. Early in November, two-year-old Morgan Pena was killed by a driver distracted by his cell phone. Morgans mother, Patti Pena, reports that the driver ran a stop sign at 45 mph, broadsided my vehicle and killed Morgan as she sat in her car seat. A week later, corrections officer Shannon Smith, who was guarding prisoners by the side of the road, was killed by a woman distracted by a phone call Besthoff (2001). On Thanksgiving weekend that same month, John and Carole Hall were killed when a Naval Academy midshipman crashed into their parked car. The driver said in court that when he looked up from the cell phone he was ialing; he was three feet from the car and had no time to stop Stockwell (2000). The scientific literature on the dangers of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, or texting while driving, is limited. A simulation study at the Monash University Accident Research Centre has provided strong evidence that both retrieving and, in particular, sending text messages has a detrimental effect on a number of critical driving tasks. Specifically, negative effects were seen in detecting and responding correctly to road signs, detecting hazards, time spent with eyes off he road, and (only for sending text messages) lateral position. Surprisingly, mean speed, speed variability, lateral position when receiving text messages and following distance showed no difference(Hosking, Simon; Kristie Young, Michael Regan. A separate, yet unreleased simulation study at the University of Utah found a six fold increase in distraction-related accidents when texting. The low number of scientific studies may be indicative of a general assumption that if talking on a mobile phone ncreases risk, then texting also increases risk, and probably more so. Market research by Pinger, a company selling a voice-based alternative to texting reported that 89% of U. S. adults think that text messaging while driving is distracting, dangerous and should be outlawed. The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety has released polling a a ta tnat snow tnat B % 0T people cons10er texting ana e-malllng while driving a very serious safety threat, almost equivalent to the 90% of those polled who consider drunk driving a threat. Despite the acknowledgement of the dangers of texting behind the wheel, about half of drivers 16 to 24 say they have texted while driving, compared with 22 percent of drivers 35 to 44. Texting while driving received greater attention in the late 2000s, corresponding to a rise in the number of text messages being sent. Over a year approximately 2,000 teens die from texting while driving. Texting while driving attracted interest in the media after several highly publicized car crashes were caused by texting drivers, including a May 009 incident involving a Boston trolley car driver who crashed while texting his girlfriend. Texting was blamed in the 2008 Chatsworth train collision which killed 25 passengers. Investigations revealed that the engineer of that train had sent 45 text messages while operating. On July 27, 2009, the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute released preliminary findings of their study of driver distraction in commercial vehicles. Two studies, comprising about 200 haul trucks driving 3 million combined miles, used video cameras to observe the drivers and road; researchers observed 4,452 safety-critical events, which includes crashes, near crashes, crash-relevant conflicts, and unintended lane deviations. 81% of the safety critical events had some type of driver distraction. Text messaging had the greatest relative risk, with drivers being 23 times more likely to experience a safety-critical event when texting. The study also found that drivers typically take their eyes off the forward roadway for an average of four out of six seconds when texting, and an average of 4. 6 out of the six seconds surrounding safety-critical events. Reference:

Definition and Observations of Phonetics

Definition and Observations of Phonetics Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the sounds of speech and their production, combination, description, and representation by written symbols. Adjective: phonetic.  Pronounced [fah-NET-iks].  From the Greek, sound, voice A linguist who specializes in phonetics is known as a phonetician. As discussed below, the boundaries between the disciplines of phonetics and phonology arent always sharply defined. Examples and Observations of Phonetics Linguistics contributes to phonetics its phonological understanding of the distinctive patterns that make up the coded, conventional aspects of speech which differentiate individual words and other units of spoken language. Phonetics contributes to linguistics its phonetic understanding of the production and perception of the detailed artefacts of speech that embody those significant phonological patterns. Each contribution is complemented by the other. The Study of Phonemes In any language we can identify a small number of regularly used sounds (vowels and consonants) that we call phonemes; for example, the vowels in the words pin and pen are different phonemes, and so are the consonants at the beginning of the words pet and bet. Because of the notoriously confusing nature of English spelling, it is particularly important to learn to think of English pronunciation in terms of phonemes rather than letters of the alphabet; one must be aware, for example, that the word enough begins with the same vowel phoneme as that at the beginning of inept and ends with the same consonant as stuff. Phonetics and the Brain Until recently, we knew little about what is going on in the brain when people are speaking, and this is why the science of phonetics has concentrated on the three central components of the speech chain, where observation of what is going on is fairly straightforward. However, our understanding of how the brain works in speech communications has grown enormously in recent years. One of the most significant advances in recent research has been the development of safe and accurate brain-scanning techniques that can show us the activities of different parts of the brain when someone is speaking or listening to speech... Experimental Phonetics Phonetics is the study of speech. Traditionally, phoneticians have relied on their ears and eyes, and their awareness of their own vocal organs, to study pronunciation. Increasingly, however, they have been using instruments of various types to supplement the information they derive from their own sensations. Experimental phonetics, as the term is commonly used, includes any investigation of speech by means of instruments. It is understood here that the instruments are used to visualize some aspect of the speech event, and possibly also to provide a basis for measurements. For example, a tape recording for the purpose of repeated listening does not fall within the scope of experimental phonetics, but if the tape recording is fed into a computer and used to produce an acoustic analysis, the activity would be described as an experimental investigation. The Phonetics-Phonology Interface Phonetics interfaces with phonology in three ways. First, phonetics defines distinctive features. Second, phonetics explains many phonological patterns. These two interfaces constitute what has come to be called the substantive grounding of phonology. Sources John Laver, Linguistic Phonetics.  The Handbook of Linguistics, ed.  by Mark Aronoff and Janie Rees-Miller. Blackwell, 2001Peter Roach,  English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course, 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2009(Peter Roach,  Phonetics. Oxford University Press, 2001)Katrina Hayward,  Experimental Phonetics: An Introduction. Routledge, 2014

Information Technology Malware Management in the Enterprise Essay

Information Technology Malware Management in the Enterprise - Essay Example Every business or an enterprise ought to follow this classic approach with the â€Å"just-on-time† feature that entails malware information assessment and handling (IATAC, 2009). Background Malware problems are ever growing and continue to be a nuisance for computer users. Manufactures of malware programs have continued to increase over the years and by 2010, there were 14 million different malware programs recorded. An astonishing 60,000 sections of malicious code was being discovered every single day. A rather recent work known as the Koobface surfaced, its purpose was to target people on social networks and it’s created profited by making 2 million dollars in one year. A worm known as the Mariposa has been known to create the largest network of zombie machines on the entire planet. Experts, despite making their best efforts, could not calculate its exact size however they were able to pinpoint the number of computers that became infected by Mariposa which was over 12 million. What the worm did was drop spyware that stole susceptible information from the individuals who suffered, which includes bank account numbers and credit card credentials. This idea was completely planned by a solitary hacker in Spain who happened to make a blunder by chance that uncovered him and he was arrested (Milosevic, 2010). Forms of Malware Web attacks are counted amongst the foremost subtle and dangerous ways cyber criminals use. For instance, if you are searching any sites which may seem good and harmless but at the backend they are uploaded with various harmful malware which secretly get downloaded in the browser’s PC. It can happen as such that cyber criminals square measure all their probabilities and then they frame a hijack process. Mostly the advertising banners on these sites are used for such reasons hence it is extremely important that enterprises must place security barriers between the company’s system and internet arrangement (Baloch, 2011 ). Other forms within which malware can be formed include: Botnets Instant electronic messaging Phishing tries Skype malware Gaming malware Redirects If an administrator fails to execute an immediate action once he/she has recognized the entry of malware, then it can be ascertained that a door has been opened for criminals to siphon personal information from the computer. In the fight against the malicious software system, it isn't enough to treat individual infected machines. Enterprise Strategy for fighting Malware Too often, organizations create the error of treating malware infections as a series of irregular occurrences. Anytime a bug is discovered, IT merely cleans up or rebuilds the affected host and the whole system moves on with routine operational tasks. Nonetheless this approach does not permit the enterprise to stay up with progressively aggressive and innovative attack techniques used by malware authors. It is this time when management needs to take corrective action to bypass malware defenses, evade detection, and resist efforts to get rid of it (Zeltser, 2011). In fact, combating malware whether it is a big or a small enterprise atmosphere requires locating suspicious programs on servers and workstations and then executing the strategy for removing them. However it can also be done in the manner to conjointly investigate the areas infected and detecting the departments which interfere with the utilization of malware on the